In 2025, cybercrime has evolved beyond individual hackers or little ransomware criminal gangs into something greater, more organised, and just as dangerous: Cyber cartels. Recent reports suggest that the dark web alone, which is only about 0.01% of the internet, has millions of users and facilitates billions of dollars in illicit transactions each year. 97 % of all identity-based cyberattacks in the first six months of this year were supported using stolen or guessed credentials.
In addition, there are more than 15 billion leaked credentials which are available on the dark web today. This has created an enormous economy in the matter of data theft and digital extortion. These mind-boggling figures emphasise the existence of the ever-growing cyber cartels, that are growing in an organised and coordinated fashion, like the great criminal enterprises of the past and present, who take advantage of the great anonymity offered up by the dark web to extort money from individuals, companies, and governments alike.
This New Age of Organised Digital Crime
Just as drug cartels and arms cartels in a previous Age dominated operating in narcotics or in the arms trades, the new cyber cartels operate in the digital black market of today. These cartels are vast and although they include hackers, are not limited to them, but include vast ecosystems composed of ransomware companies, data brokers, money launderers, and negotiators operating a common profit-sharing model. They operate with structured hierarchies, partnerships and even customer support portals available for ransom payments.
The Engine Driving the Extortion Economy
The dark web is the marketplace and meeting place for cyber cartels. It provides layers of encrypted security that protect the anonymity of the actors who trade stolen identities, financial data, and access to hacked networks. Auctioned information is sold on forums and leak sites through networks such as Tor and I2P. Sensitive corporate information can be sold, new attacks announced, and victims can have their sins published in public who choose not to pay.
Inside a Cyber Cartel’s Extortion Scheme
A typical operation of a cyber cartel follows a definite sequence. It begins when the affiliates obtain entries into the systems of the company through phishing, weak passwords or exploited software vulnerabilities. Then the victims are provided with a twofold threat, that of paying ransom to obtain access, otherwise suffering from public disclosure of their data upon the cartel’s dark web leak site.
Negotiation takes place by encrypted channels and payment is demanded in cybercurrency. After payment is made many of the victims find that their data has been sold to other groups, a hallmark of the cartel model which has others of its affiliates sharing information for maximum profit.
The Indian Context: A Growing Target
While India is the world’s fastest-growing digital economy, it is also fertile turf for cyber cartels. It ranks among the top countries globally for dark web traffic, and the large number of small and medium enterprises in the country often do not have the cybersecurity maturity to cope with these typical threats. The lack of focus on patch management and identity protection in many Indian businesses affects their susceptibility to being targeted by initial access brokers who sell access to ransomware operators.
The cyber cartels are not always financially motivated but also at times geo-politically motivated, as was the case when a military stand-off with India’s notorious neighbours spilled over into the cyber realm, earlier this year. These cyber cartels – better known as hacktivists – DDoSed, defaced and targeted government and law enforcement websites and portals across the country with cyberattacks as a retaliatory act to the military intervention
This increase points out to Indian regulators and corporate leaders the urgent need for strict compliance, real-time dark web monitoring and co-ordinated response frameworks. It is not just technical but strategic, how to best respond to a global threat transcending borders.
Defending Against A Cartel Driven Future
Defending against cyber cartels requires a change in mindset from not only prevention, but also resilience and recovery in the event of attacks against the businesses. This would, inter alia, include investment in dark web intelligence monitoring systems that will help detect those instances where stolen data or accounts may have been exploited before they are attacked. In an era of identity-based threats, identity management (such as multifactor authentication and zero trust systems) are crucial for protection, since nearly all identity-based breaches arise from breached credentials.
Also important is the need for transparency and communicative processes regarding communication during a data breach. Payment of ransoms rarely ensures safety within the corporate sector since cartels generally require re-extortion or placement of the stolen data onto the dark web or seek other means of profiting therefrom. Hope lies in the establishment of a good working relationship with law enforcement, cybersecurity experts and others involved in digital forensics to ensure that the proper remedial action takes place and that the legal environment for mitigating losses is in place.